Spotify’s viral data ruseEveryone used to hate sharing their data. Then came Spotify Wrapped.

Spotify Wrapped arrived on Wednesday, packaged in its usual neon, Instagram-ready glory.

The annual release dominates social-media posts for a day, but beneath the colorful cards (designed to be bespoke but distributed en masse), it’s Spotify’s brag about the amount of data the company has collected on you, mirrored back in a way that’s meant to make surveillance sexy, silly, and shareable.

In recent Decembers, the wrap-ification of our data has spread beyond Spotify. Apple Music, Spotify’s main competitor, now has a similar feature called Replay, unveiling this year’s version on Tuesday. Starbucks has sent out emails telling people about their favorite beverages and number of store visits, shocking some with exactly how many dozens of Frappuccinos they bought. Duolingo kicked off the Wrapped season earlier this week, showing people how many mistakes they made while trying to learn a new language. The British supermarket chain Tesco has sent Clubcard members a review of what they bought in recent years, called Unpacked. And on Tuesday, Tinder hosted a Year in Swipe party, where it revealed the top trends in online dating the app gleaned from its broad swath of 50 million monthly users, which included people getting specific about what kind of person they’re looking for or putting a hand emoji in their bios to indicate they’re searching for real connections.

All this is getting weird. The type of lattes we drink and the music we listen to are things we fundamentally know about ourselves. The most common names of men and women on Tinder (Alexes and Daniels dominated among men, Marias and Lauras women) tell us nothing about how to find love. But these year-in-review trends still catch avid attention and, in turn, provide free advertising for companies when they’re reshared. About an hour after Spotify unveiled this year’s Wrapped, its market cap reached $100 billion for the first time. Spotify did not respond to requests for comment.

“People are so excited about seeing data collected from them and then being shown back to them in a way that feels meaningful and relatable,” Taylor Annabell, a researcher with Utrecht University who has studied the Wrapped phenomenon, said. “Wrapped taps into this belief we have that data is meaningful and that we want to see it because it helps us understand ourselves.”

Wrapped 2024 included the usual unveiling of top songs and artists, but Spotify has added a “Wrapped AI podcast,” which features two voicebot hosts chatting through your listening habits without really saying much about the songs, in particular. There was also a section picking apart how listening styles changed over different months of the year. For me, that meant going from “van life folkie indie” to “mallgoth permanent wave punk,” mildly embarrassing phrases that might describe my musical tastes from a distance but tell me little new about myself.

Wrapped content has proven so effective on social media that people are making up new categories themselves, packaging parts of their private lives not captured by apps.

Of course, Spotify can’t capture everything about your tastes — maybe you played a vinyl record on repeat or shared a streaming account with someone in your family. (“It’s not me who can’t stop listening to Chumbawamba. It’s my cousin, I swear!”) Maybe you opted for a mysterious approach and kept your Tinder bio short and sweet.

But where data is lacking, some have set out to create it themselves. Wrapped content has proved so effective and viral on social media that people have taken to making up new categories, packaged parts of their lives not captured by apps, and turned it over to their followers. Here, at least, these people get to curate their experiences and post them as they wish. Last December and already this week, some people took to TikTok to talk through how many first dates they went on during the course of a year, using cute and colorful slideshows to walk their users through their year of bad dates, situationships, and ghosting. A third-party project called Vantezzen takes TikTok data and generates a Wrapped-like analysis for those who want to know how many minutes they spent doom scrolling.

All this comes as people have largely thrown up their hands and given in to sharing their data with their apps. Companies have “gotten us to move past just accepting that they are spying on us to celebrating it,” said Evan Greer, the director of the digital-rights advocacy group Fight for the Future and a vocal opponent of Spotify who released an album called “Spotify Is Surveillance” in 2021. “That’s the shift we’re seeing with this explosion of these types of year-end Wrapped viral gimmicks,” Greer added. “They’re actually about hypernormalizing the fact that the online services that we use know so very much about us.”

Tinder’s year in review looked at data from profiles in the US and globally and its own survey results, determining the most popular love languages and zodiac signs, the fastest-growing words mentioned in bios (freak, pickleball, and finance all soared this year), and how people like to communicate (ironically, “better in person” won out over the messaging app). It also created an interactive vision-board feature for people to set intentions for their 2025 dating plans. The company’s in-person Year in Swipe party was held in a moody Manhattan bar, where attendees could make charm bracelets or have a tarot-card reading, and each sported a button designed to correspond with their dating vibe, like a black cat or delusional. Tinder did not respond to a request for comment about whether people could opt out of being used in the aggregate data.

But Spotify, in particular, wants to tell its users more about themselves throughout the year. In September 2023, the company began making “daylists,” or curated playlists released multiple times throughout the day. While they don’t come with the sharable, flashy cards to post on Instagram, they’re given catchy names that hint at something about you, changing several times a day. Just this week, Spotify has dubbed me a “Laurel Canyon hippie” and crafted a vibe for a “yearning poetry Tuesday afternoon.”

The daylists feel like Spotify’s attempt to take the Wrapped success “to the next level,” said Nina Vindum Rasmussen, a fellow at the London School of Economics and Political Science who worked on the Spotify research with Annabell. It’s “data fiction that accompanies people throughout the day,” she said, adding: “What does it mean for them to have this mirror constantly shoved in their face?”

Most of us have gotten comfortable with — or at least resigned to — the fact that Big Tech is watching our every move. Wrapped season is a shiny reminder of all we’ve done, seemingly in private, on our phones. But don’t count on your friends to stop sharing their elite spot as a 0.05% top listener of Taylor Swift anytime soon.